The discovery of fullerene (C60) in 1985 spurred on the subsequent discoveries of a number of fullerene-relatednovel carbons at the nanometre scale. These nanocarbons are related to one another in structure, providing an interesting spectrum of variants which display an array of unique properties. From the vast amount of research that has been conducted over the last two decades, it is now apparent that these nanomaterials, notably, carbon nanotubes, carbon-based nanoparticles, graphene, fullerene and fullerene derivatives promise very distinct applications and will add great value to industries. It is thus expected that the studies on these nanocarbons and related technologies will have huge impacts on future nanotechnology and will significantly contribute to our economy and society.